使Web系统的开发与维护更加方便，从而有效的节省人力物力，受到了越来越多企业的青眯。

模板引擎是MVC模式建立过程的重要方法，开发者可以设计一套赋予含义的标签，通过技术解析处理有效的把数据逻辑处理从界面模板中提取出来，通过解读标签的含义把控制权提交给相应业务逻辑处理程序，从而获取到需要的数据，以模板设计的形式展现出来，使设计人员能把精力更多放在表现形式上。下面是我对模板引擎的认识与设计方法：

说的好听些叫模板引擎，实际就是解读模板数据的过程（个人观点^^）。通过我对建站方面的思考认识，网站在展现形式上无非归纳为单条和多条两种形式，那么我们可以设定两种对应标签（如data、list）来处理这两种情况，关键点在于解决两种标签的多层相互嵌套问题，基本适合实现80%界面形式。

解读模板的方法有多种，常用的包括字符串处理（解决嵌套稍麻烦）、正则表达式。在这里我选用的正则表达式，下面是我的处理方法（本文仅提供思路和参考代码，可能不能直接使用）。

模板文件解析类：
复制代码 代码如下:
<?php
/*
* class: 模板解析类
* author: 51JS.COM-ZMM
* date: 2011.3.1
* email: 304924248@qq.com
* blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/cnzmm/
*/
class Template {
public $html, $vars, $bTag, $eTag;
public $bFlag="{", $eFlag="}", $pfix="zmm:";
private $folder, $file;
function __construct($vars=array()) {
!empty($vars) && $this->vars = $vars;
!empty($GLOBALS["cfg_tag_prefix"]) &&
$this->pfix = $GLOBALS["cfg_tag_prefix"].":";
$this->bTag = $this->bFlag.$this->pfix;
$this->eTag = $this->bFlag."/".$this->pfix;
empty(Tags::$vars) && Tags::$vars = &$this->vars;
}
public function LoadTpl($tpl) {
$this->file = $this->GetTplPath($tpl);
Tags::$file = &$this->file;
if (is_file($this->file)) {
if ($this->GetTplHtml()) {
$this->SetTplTags();
} else {
exit("模板文件加载失败！");
}
} else {
exit("模板文件[".$this->file."]不存在！");
}
}
private function GetTplPath($tpl) {
$this->folder = WEBSITE_DIRROOT.
$GLOBALS["cfg_tpl_root"];
return $this->folder."/".$tpl;
}
private function GetTplHtml() {
$html = self::FmtTplHtml(file_get_contents($this->file));
if (!empty($html)) {
$callFunc = Tags::$prefix."Syntax";
$this->html = Tags::$callFunc($html, new Template());
} else {
exit("模板文件内容为空！");
} return true;
}
static public function FmtTplHtml($html) {
return preg_replace("/( )|( )|( )|(s{2,})/is", "", $html);
}
public function Register($vars=array()) {
if (is_array($vars)) {
$this->vars = $vars;
Tags::$vars = &$this->vars;
}
}
public function Display($bool=false, $name="", $time=0) {
if (!empty($this->html)) {
if ($bool && !empty($name)) {
if (!is_int($time)) $time = 600;
$cache = new Cache($time);
$cache->Set($name, $this->html);
}
echo $this->html; flush();
} else {
exit("模板文件内容为空！");
}
}
public function SetAssign($souc, $info) {
if (!empty($this->html)) {
$this->html = str_ireplace($souc, self::FmtTplHtml($info), $this->html);
} else {
exit("模板文件内容为空！");
}
}
private function SetTplTags() {
$this->SetPanelTags(); $this->SetTrunkTags(); $this->RegHatchVars();
}
private function SetPanelTags() {
$rule = $this->bTag."([^".$this->eFlag."]+)/".$this->eFlag;
preg_match_all("/".$rule."/ism", $this->html, $out_matches);
$this->TransTag($out_matches, "panel"); unset($out_matches);
}
private function SetTrunkTags() {
$rule = $this->bTag."(w+)s*([^".$this->eFlag."]*?)".$this->eFlag.
"((?:(?!".$this->bTag.")[Ss]*?|(?R))*)".$this->eTag."\1s*".$this->eFlag;
preg_match_all("/".$rule."/ism", $this->html, $out_matches);
$this->TransTag($out_matches, "trunk"); unset($out_matches);
}
private function TransTag($result, $type) {
if (!empty($result[0])) {
switch ($type) {
case "panel" : {
for ($i = 0; $i < count($result[0]); $i ++) {
$strTag = explode(" ", $result[1][$i], 2);
if (strpos($strTag[0], ".")) {
$itemArg = explode(".", $result[1][$i], 2);
$callFunc = Tags::$prefix.ucfirst($itemArg[0]);
if (method_exists("Tags", $callFunc)) {
$html = Tags::$callFunc(chop($itemArg[1]));
if ($html !== false) {
$this->html = str_ireplace($result[0][$i], $html, $this->html);
}
}
} else {
$rule = "^([^s]+)s*([Ss]+)$";
preg_match_all("/".$rule."/is", trim($result[1][$i]), $tmp_matches);
$callFunc = Tags::$prefix.ucfirst($tmp_matches[1][0]);
if (method_exists("Tags", $callFunc)) {
$html = Tags::$callFunc($tmp_matches[2][0]);
if ($html !== false) {
$this->html = str_ireplace($result[0][$i], $html, $this->html);
}
} unset($tmp_matches);
}
} break;
}
case "trunk" : {
for ($i = 0; $i < count($result[0]); $i ++) {
$callFunc = Tags::$prefix.ucfirst($result[1][$i]);
if (method_exists("Tags", $callFunc)) {
$html = Tags::$callFunc($result[2][$i], $result[3][$i]);
$this->html = str_ireplace($result[0][$i], $html, $this->html);
}
} break;
}
default: break;
}
} else {
return false;
}
}
private function RegHatchVars() {
$this->SetPanelTags();
}
function __destruct() {}
}
?>

标签解析类：（目前暂时提供data、list两种标签的解析，说明思路）
复制代码 代码如下:
<?php
/*
* class: 标签解析类
* author: 51JS.COM-ZMM
* date: 2011.3.2
* email: 304924248@qq.com
* blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/cnzmm/
*/
class Tags {
static private $attrs=null;
static public $file, $vars, $rule, $prefix="TAG_";
static public function TAG_Syntax($html, $that) {
$rule = $that->bTag."ifs+([^".$that->eFlag."]+)s*".$that->eFlag;
$html = preg_replace("/".$rule."/ism", "<?php if (\1) { ?>", $html);
$rule = $that->bTag."elseifs+([^".$that->eFlag."]+)s*".$that->eFlag;
$html = preg_replace("/".$rule."/ism", "<?php } elseif (\1) { ?>", $html);
$rule = $that->bTag."elses*".$that->eFlag;
$html = preg_replace("/".$rule."/ism", "<?php } else { ?>", $html);
$rule = $that->bTag."loops+(S+)s+(S+)s*".$that->eFlag;
$html = preg_replace("/".$rule."/ism", "<?php foreach (\1 as \2) { ?>", $html);
$rule = $that->bTag."loops+(S+)s+(S+)s+(S+)s*".$that->eFlag;
$html = preg_replace("/".$rule."/ism", "<?php foreach (\1 as \2 => \3) { ?>", $html);
$rule = $that->eTag."(if|loop)s*".$that->eFlag;
$html = preg_replace("/".$rule."/ism", "<?php } ?>", $html);
$rule = $that->bTag."phps*".$that->eFlag."((?:(?!".
$that->bTag.")[Ss]*?|(?R))*)".$that->eTag."phps*".$that->eFlag;
$html = preg_replace("/".$rule."/ism", "<?php \1 ?>", $html);
return self::TAG_Execute($html);
}
static public function TAG_List($attr, $html) {
if (!empty($html)) {
if (self::TAG_HaveTag($html)) {
return self::TAG_DealTag($attr, $html, true);
} else {
return self::TAG_GetData($attr, $html, true);
}
} else {
exit("标签{list}的内容为空！");
}
}
static public function TAG_Data($attr, $html) {
if (!empty($html)) {
if (self::TAG_HaveTag($html)) {
return self::TAG_DealTag($attr, $html, false);
} else {
return self::TAG_GetData($attr, $html, false);
}
} else {
exit("标签{data}的内容为空！");
}
}
static public function TAG_Execute($html) {
ob_clean(); ob_start();
if (!empty(self::$vars)) {
is_array(self::$vars) &&
extract(self::$vars, EXTR_OVERWRITE);
}
$file_inc = WEBSITE_DIRINC."/buffer/".
md5(uniqid(rand(), true)).".php";
if ($fp = fopen($file_inc, "xb")) {
fwrite($fp, $html);
if (fclose($fp)) {
include($file_inc);
$html = ob_get_contents();
} unset($fp);
} else {
exit("模板解析文件生成失败！");
} ob_end_clean(); @unlink($file_inc);
return $html;
}
static private function TAG_HaveTag($html) {
$bool_has = false;
$tpl_ins = new Template();
self::$rule = $tpl_ins->bTag."([^".$tpl_ins->eFlag."]+)/".$tpl_ins->eFlag;
$bool_has = $bool_has || preg_match("/".self::$rule."/ism", $html);
self::$rule = $tpl_ins->bTag."(w+)s*([^".$tpl_ins->eFlag."]*?)".$tpl_ins->eFlag.
"((?:(?!".$tpl_ins->bTag.")[Ss]*?|(?R))*)".$tpl_ins->eTag."\1s*".$tpl_ins->eFlag;
$bool_has = $bool_has || preg_match("/".self::$rule."/ism", $html);
unset($tpl_ins);
return $bool_has;
}
static private function TAG_DealTag($attr, $html, $list) {
preg_match_all("/".self::$rule."/ism", $html, $out_matches);
if (!empty($out_matches[0])) {
$child_node = array();
for ($i = 0; $i < count($out_matches[0]); $i ++) {
$child_node[] = $out_matches[3][$i];
$html = str_ireplace($out_matches[3][$i], "{-->>child_node_".$i."<<--}", $html);
}
$html = self::TAG_GetData($attr, $html, $list);
for ($i = 0; $i < count($out_matches[0]); $i ++) {
$html = str_ireplace("{-->>child_node_".$i."<<--}", $child_node[$i], $html);
}
preg_match_all("/".self::$rule."/ism", $html, $tmp_matches);
if (!empty($tmp_matches[0])) {
for ($i = 0; $i < count($tmp_matches[0]); $i ++) {
$callFunc = self::$prefix.ucfirst($tmp_matches[1][$i]);
if (method_exists("Tags", $callFunc)) {
$temp = self::$callFunc($tmp_matches[2][$i], $tmp_matches[3][$i]);
$html = str_ireplace($tmp_matches[0][$i], $temp, $html);
}
}
}
unset($tmp_matches);
}
unset($out_matches); return $html;
}
static private function TAG_GetData($attr, $html, $list=false) {
if (!empty($attr)) {
$attr_ins = new Attbt($attr);
$attr_arr = $attr_ins->attrs;
if (is_array($attr_arr)) {
extract($attr_arr, EXTR_OVERWRITE);
$source = table_name($source, $column);
$rule = "[field:s*(w+)s*([^]]*?)s*/?]";
preg_match_all("/".$rule."/is", $html, $out_matches);
$data_str = "";
$data_ins = new DataSql();
$attr_where = $attr_order = "";
if (!empty($where)) {
$where = str_replace(",", " and ", $where);
$attr_where = " where ". $where;
}
if (!empty($order)) {
$attr_order = " order by ".$order;
} else {
$fed_name = "";
$fed_ins = $data_ins->GetFedNeedle($source);
$fed_cnt = $data_ins->GetFedCount($fed_ins);
for ($i = 0; $i < $fed_cnt; $i ++) {
$fed_flag = $data_ins->GetFedFlag($fed_ins, $i);
if (preg_match("/auto_increment/ism", $fed_flag)) {
$fed_name = $data_ins->GetFedName($fed_ins, $i);
break;
}
}
if (!empty($fed_name))
$attr_order = " order by ".$fed_name." desc";
}
if ($list == true) {
if (empty($source) && empty($sql)) {
exit("标签{list}必须指定source属性！");
}
$attr_rows = $attr_page = "";
if ($rows > 0) {
$attr_rows = " limit 0,".$rows;
}
if (!empty($sql)) {
$data_sql = $sql;
} else {
$data_sql = "select * from `".$source."`".
$attr_where.$attr_order.$attr_rows;
}
if ($pages=="true" && !empty($size)) {
$data_num = $data_ins->GetRecNum($data_sql);
$page_cnt = ceil($data_num / $size);
global $page;
if (!isset($page) || $page < 1) $page = 1;
if ($page > $page_cnt) $page = $page_cnt;
$data_sql = "select * from `".$source."`".$attr_where.
$attr_order." limit ".($page-1) * $size.",".$size;
$GLOBALS["cfg_page_curr"] = $page;
$GLOBALS["cfg_page_prev"] = $page - 1;
$GLOBALS["cfg_page_next"] = $page + 1;
$GLOBALS["cfg_page_nums"] = $page_cnt;
if (function_exists("list_pagelink")) {
$GLOBALS["cfg_page_list"] = list_pagelink($page, $page_cnt, 2);
}
}
$data_idx = 0;
$data_ret = $data_ins->SqlCmdExec($data_sql);
while ($row = $data_ins->GetRecArr($data_ret)) {
if ($skip > 0 && !empty($flag)) {
$data_idx != 0 &&
$data_idx % $skip == 0 &&
$data_str .= $flag;
}
$data_tmp = $html;
$data_tmp = str_ireplace("@idx", $data_idx, $data_tmp);
for ($i = 0; $i < count($out_matches[0]); $i ++) {
$data_tmp = str_ireplace($out_matches[0][$i],
$row[$out_matches[1][$i]], $data_tmp);
}
$data_str .= $data_tmp; $data_idx ++;
}
} else {
if (empty($source)) {
exit("标签{data}必须指定source属性！");
}
$data_sql = "select * from `".$source.
"`".$attr_where.$attr_order;
$row = $data_ins->GetOneRec($data_sql);
if (is_array($row)) {
$data_tmp = $html;
for ($i = 0; $i < count($out_matches[0]); $i ++) {
$data_val = $row[$out_matches[1][$i]];
if (empty($out_matches[2][$i])) {
$data_tmp = str_ireplace($out_matches[0][$i], $data_val, $data_tmp);
} else {
$attr_str = $out_matches[2][$i];
$attr_ins = new Attbt($attr_str);
$func_txt = $attr_ins->attrs["function"];
if (!empty($func_txt)) {
$func_tmp = explode("(", $func_txt);
if (function_exists($func_tmp[0])) {
eval("$func_ret =".str_ireplace("@me",
""".$data_val.""", $func_txt));
$data_tmp = str_ireplace($out_matches[0][$i], $func_ret, $data_tmp);
} else {
exit("调用了不存在的函数！");
}
} else {
exit("标签设置属性无效！");
}
}
}
$data_str .= $data_tmp;
}
}
unset($data_ins);
return $data_str;
} else {
exit("标签设置属性无效！");
}
} else {
exit("没有设置标签属性！");
}
}
static public function __callStatic($name, $args) {
exit("标签{".$name."}不存在！");
}
}
?>