简介：NFS（Network File System）是一个网络文件系统，是Linux系统直接支持文件共享的一直文件系统，它允许网络中的计算机之间通过TCP/IP网络共享资源。在NFS的应用中，本地NFS的客户端应用可以透明地读写位于远端NFS服务 ...
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NFS（Network File System）是一个网络文件系统，是Linux系统直接支持文件共享的一直文件系统，它允许网络中的计算机之间通过TCP/IP网络共享资源。在NFS的应用中，本地NFS的客户端应用可以透明地读写位于远端NFS服务器上的文件，就像访问本地文件一样。一般NFS为单击部署，而NFS服务器主要用于存放企业重要数据，此时为了能保证数据的安全可靠，需要对NFS服务器实现同步+keepalived高可用满足企业业务需求，如下为NFS+keepalived高可用架构实现步骤： 系统环境：Centos6.9 架构： LAP+Discuz+MYSQL+NFS+Keepalived LAP：192.168.8.2 LAP1：192.168.8.3 MYSQL：192.168.8.5 NFS+Keepalived（主）：192.168.8.9 NFS+Keepalived（备）：192.168.8.10 实战操作如下： LAP端跟LAP1端，执行以下命令 [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd httpd-devel php php-mysql php-devel nfs-utils MYSQL端，执行以下命令 [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql mysql-devel mysql-server NFS（主）端和NFS（备）端，执行以下命令 [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ wget nfs* unzip NFS（MASTER）端 1）下载Discuz论坛包 [root@localhost ~]# wget -c http://download.comsenz.com/DiscuzX/3.4/Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip 2）解压论坛包 [root@localhost ~]# unzip Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip 3）创建共享目录，拷贝论坛代码到共享目录 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/www [root@localhost ~]# cd upload/ [root@localhost upload]# cp -a * /data/www
1 4）创建NFS配置文件，启动NFS服务 [root@localhost upload]# echo "/data/www *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)" >/etc/exports [root@localhost upload]# cat /etc/exports [root@localhost upload]# service rpcbind start [root@localhost upload]# service nfs start
2 MYSQL端 1）启动MYSQL服务 [root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start 2）进入MYSQL命令行终端 [root@localhost ~]# mysql 3）创建Discuz库并授权 mysql> create database discuz charset=utf8; mysql> grant all on discuz.* to bbs@"192.168.8.2" identified by "123456"; mysql> grant all on discuz.* to bbs@"192.168.8.3" identified by "123456"; mysql> flush privileges;
3 LAP端 1）查看NFS服务器挂载情况 [root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.8.9 2）挂载NFS服务器共享目录到Apache发布目录（/var/www/html） [root@localhost ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.8.9:/data/www /var/www/html [root@localhost ~]# df -h
4 3）启动Apache服务 [root@localhost ~]# service httpd start 4）打开浏览器访问本机IP，配置Discuz论坛
5 5）点击我同意，出现如下图
6 6）授权 [root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html/ [root@localhost html]# chmod o+w config/ data/ uc_* -R
7 7）点击下一步
8 8）输入数据库服务器地址、数据库名、数据库用户名、数据库密码，点击下一步
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11 论坛搭建成功~~~~ LAP1端 只需使用mount命令即可 1）挂载NFS服务器共享目录到Apache发布目录（/var/www/html） [root@localhost ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.8.9:/data/www /var/www/html [root@localhost ~]# df –h 2）启动Apache服务 [root@localhost ~]# service httpd start
12 3）打开浏览器访问本机IP，如下图
13 NFS+Keepalived（主）部署 1）安装keepalived所需要的依赖包 yum -y install openssl openssl-devel popt-devel kernel-devel gcc gcc-c++ libnl libnl-devel libnfnetlink-devel popt wget 2）下载keepalived软件包 wget -c http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz 3）解压 tar zxf keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz cd keepalived-1.2.15 4）预编译keepalived ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-696.16.1.el6.x86_64 5）编译、安装keepalived make && make install 6）创建软连接，拷贝相应的文件 ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d chkconfig --add keepalived chkconfig keepalived on mkdir /etc/keepalived cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/ 7）编辑keepalived（主）配置文件 编辑vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf，配置内容如下 ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { 123@qq.com } notification_email_from 123@qq.com smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL } vrrp_script chk_nfs { script "/data/shell/check_nfs.sh" interval 2 weight 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 mcast_src_ip 192.168.8.9 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.8.99 } track_script { chk_nfs } }保存退出，启动keepalived服务 [root@localhost ~]# service keepalived start
14 NFS+Keepalived（备）部署 1）创建共享目录 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/www 2）拷贝NFS服务器（主）论坛代码 [root@localhost ~]# scp -r root@192.168.8.9:/data/www/* /data/www 3）创建NFS配置文件 [root@localhost ~]# echo "/data/www *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)" >/etc/exports 4）安装keepalived所需要的依赖包 yum -y install openssl openssl-devel popt-devel kernel-devel gcc gcc-c++ libnl libnl-devel libnfnetlink-devel popt wget 5）下载keepalived软件包 wget -c http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz 6）解压 tar zxf keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz cd keepalived-1.2.15 7）预编译keepalived ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-696.16.1.el6.x86_64 8）编译、安装keepalived make && make install 9）创建软连接，拷贝相应的文件 ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d chkconfig --add keepalived chkconfig keepalived on mkdir /etc/keepalived cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/ 10）编辑keepalived（主）配置文件 编辑vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf，配置内容如下 ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { 123@qq.com } notification_email_from 123@qq.com smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL } vrrp_script chk_nfs { script "/data/shell/check_nfs.sh" interval 2 weight 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 mcast_src_ip 192.168.8.10 priority 99 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.8.99 } track_script { chk_nfs } }保存退出~~~ 11）启动keepalived服务、NFS服务 [root@localhost ~]# service keepalived start [root@localhost ~]# service rpcbind start [root@localhost ~]# service nfs start 12）LAP端跟LAP1端分别重新挂载NFS共享目录（VIP），执行以下命令 [root@localhost ~]# umount /var/www/html [root@localhost ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.8.99:/data/www /var/www/html
15 13）分别访问LAP和LAP1
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17 14）分别在NFS主和备机器上编写主备切换脚本，实现当主（备）的NFS服务宕机自动切换到备（主）机器上 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/shell [root@localhost ~]# vim /data/shell/check_nfs.sh，脚本内容如下 #!/bin/bash#auto check nfs processNUM=`ps -ef |grep nfs|grep -v grep|grep -v check|wc -l`if[[ $NUM -eq 0 ]];then/etc/init.d/keepalived stopfi [root@localhost ~]# chmod o+x /data/shell/check_nfs.sh 15）实验测试 正常运行，VIP在NFS主机器上，当NFS服务器宕机之后自动漂移到备机器上，如下图
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19 16）但是打开论坛是出现403，如下图
20 17）需要umount /var/www/html，再执行mount -t nfs 192.168.8.99:/data/www /var/www/html，chmod o+w data/ config/ uc_* -R即可
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