本文实例讲述了Zend Framework中Zend_Db数据库操作方法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：
引言：Zend操作数据库通过Zend_Db_Adapter
它可以连接多种数据库，可以是DB2数据库、MySQli数据库、Oracle数据库。等等。
只需要配置相应的参数就可以了。
下面通过案例来展示一下其连接数据库的过程。
连接mysql数据库
代码：
<?phprequire_once "Zend/Db.php";$params = array("host"=>"127.0.0.1", "username"=>"root", "password"=>"", "dbname"=>"test" );$db = Zend_Db::factory("PDO_Mysql",$params);点评：
这是连接mysql的代码案例，提供相应的参数就可以了。连接不同的数据库，提供不同的参数。下面是sqlite的例子
代码：
<?phprequire_once "Zend/Db.php";$params = array("dbname"=>"test.mdb");$db = Zend_Db::factory("PDO_Sqlite",$params);点评：
sqlite明显参数不一样了，只需要提供数据库名字就可以了。连接完数据库之后，就可以查询数据库信息以及操作数据库信息了。如果查询呢？
下面是查询的代码案例：
<?phprequire_once "Zend/Db.php";$params = array("host"=>"127.0.0.1", "username"=>"root", "password"=>"", "dbname"=>"test" );$db = Zend_Db::factory("PDO_Mysql",$params);$sql = $db->quoteInto("SELECT * FROM user WHERE id<?","5");$result = $db->query($sql); //执行SQL查询$r_a = $result->fetchAll(); //返回结果数组print_r($r_a);点评：
执行完上述代码，就会展示出数据库中前五条记录的信息。
那么这其中的玄机是什么呢？
我们来看一下源码。
我们来看看Db.php中的factory方法
public static function factory($adapter, $config = array()){ if ($config instanceof Zend_Config) { $config = $config->toArray(); } /* * Convert Zend_Config argument to plain string * adapter name and separate config object. */ if ($adapter instanceof Zend_Config) { if (isset($adapter->params)) { $config = $adapter->params->toArray(); } if (isset($adapter->adapter)) { $adapter = (string) $adapter->adapter; } else { $adapter = null; } } /* * Verify that adapter parameters are in an array. */ if (!is_array($config)) { /** * @see Zend_Db_Exception */ require_once "Zend/Db/Exception.php"; throw new Zend_Db_Exception("Adapter parameters must be in an array or a Zend_Config object"); } /* * Verify that an adapter name has been specified. */ if (!is_string($adapter) || empty($adapter)) { /** * @see Zend_Db_Exception */ require_once "Zend/Db/Exception.php"; throw new Zend_Db_Exception("Adapter name must be specified in a string"); } /* * Form full adapter class name */ $adapterNamespace = "Zend_Db_Adapter"; if (isset($config["adapterNamespace"])) { if ($config["adapterNamespace"] != "") { $adapterNamespace = $config["adapterNamespace"]; } unset($config["adapterNamespace"]); } // Adapter no longer normalized- see http://framework.zend.com/issues/browse/ZF-5606 $adapterName = $adapterNamespace . "_"; $adapterName .= str_replace(" ", "_", ucwords(str_replace("_", " ", strtolower($adapter)))); print_r($adapterName);exit; /* * Load the adapter class. This throws an exception * if the specified class cannot be loaded. */ if (!class_exists($adapterName)) { require_once "Zend/Loader.php"; Zend_Loader::loadClass($adapterName); } /* * Create an instance of the adapter class. * Pass the config to the adapter class constructor. */ $dbAdapter = new $adapterName($config); /* * Verify that the object created is a descendent of the abstract adapter type. */ if (! $dbAdapter instanceof Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract) { /** * @see Zend_Db_Exception */ require_once "Zend/Db/Exception.php"; throw new Zend_Db_Exception("Adapter class "$adapterName" does not extend Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract"); } return $dbAdapter;}点评：这个方法就是核心了，代码量不多，但是作用很明确，它会通过你提供的两个参数，自动生成相应的数据库连接类的对象。具有一定的灵活性，机动性。
主要是其中的
$adapterName = $adapterNamespace . "_";$adapterName .= str_replace(" ", "_", ucwords(str_replace("_", " ", strtolower($adapter))));/* * Load the adapter class. This throws an exception * if the specified class cannot be loaded. */if (!class_exists($adapterName)) { require_once "Zend/Loader.php"; Zend_Loader::loadClass($adapterName);}这段代码会引入相应的数据库连接类，比如前面的两个例子，就是分别引入了Zend目录下Db目录下Adapter目录下Pdo目录下的mysql.php类。
不同的数据库，会引入不同的数据库文件。
我们来看看mysql.php类中的内容：
<?php/** * Zend Framework * * LICENSE * * This source file is subject to the new BSD license that is bundled * with this package in the file LICENSE.txt. * It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL: * http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to * obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email * to license@zend.com so we can send you a copy immediately. * * @category Zend * @package Zend_Db * @subpackage Adapter * @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2012 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com) * @license http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License * @version $Id: Mysql.php 24593 2012-01-05 20:35:02Z matthew $ *//** * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Pdo_Abstract */require_once "Zend/Db/Adapter/Pdo/Abstract.php";/** * Class for connecting to MySQL databases and performing common operations. * * @category Zend * @package Zend_Db * @subpackage Adapter * @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2012 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com) * @license http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License */class Zend_Db_Adapter_Pdo_Mysql extends Zend_Db_Adapter_Pdo_Abstract{ /** * PDO type. * * @var string */ protected $_pdoType = "mysql"; /** * Keys are UPPERCASE SQL datatypes or the constants * Zend_Db::INT_TYPE, Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE, or Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE. * * Values are: * 0 = 32-bit integer * 1 = 64-bit integer * 2 = float or decimal * * @var array Associative array of datatypes to values 0, 1, or 2. */ protected $_numericDataTypes = array( Zend_Db::INT_TYPE => Zend_Db::INT_TYPE, Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE => Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE, Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE, "INT" => Zend_Db::INT_TYPE, "INTEGER" => Zend_Db::INT_TYPE, "MEDIUMINT" => Zend_Db::INT_TYPE, "SMALLINT" => Zend_Db::INT_TYPE, "TINYINT" => Zend_Db::INT_TYPE, "BIGINT" => Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE, "SERIAL" => Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE, "DEC" => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE, "DECIMAL" => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE, "DOUBLE" => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE, "DOUBLE PRECISION" => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE, "FIXED" => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE, "FLOAT" => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE ); /** * Override _dsn() and ensure that charset is incorporated in mysql * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Pdo_Abstract::_dsn() */ protected function _dsn() { $dsn = parent::_dsn(); if (isset($this->_config["charset"])) { $dsn .= ";charset=" . $this->_config["charset"]; } return $dsn; } /** * Creates a PDO object and connects to the database. * * @return void * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ protected function _connect() { if ($this->_connection) { return; } if (!empty($this->_config["charset"])) { $initCommand = "SET NAMES "" . $this->_config["charset"] . """; $this->_config["driver_options"][1002] = $initCommand; // 1002 = PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND } parent::_connect(); } /** * @return string */ public function getQuoteIdentifierSymbol() { return "`"; } /** * Returns a list of the tables in the database. * * @return array */ public function listTables() { return $this->fetchCol("SHOW TABLES"); } /** * Returns the column descriptions for a table. * * The return value is an associative array keyed by the column name, * as returned by the RDBMS. * * The value of each array element is an associative array * with the following keys: * * SCHEMA_NAME => string; name of database or schema * TABLE_NAME => string; * COLUMN_NAME => string; column name * COLUMN_POSITION => number; ordinal position of column in table * DATA_TYPE => string; SQL datatype name of column * DEFAULT => string; default expression of column, null if none * NULLABLE => boolean; true if column can have nulls * LENGTH => number; length of CHAR/VARCHAR * SCALE => number; scale of NUMERIC/DECIMAL * PRECISION => number; precision of NUMERIC/DECIMAL * UNSIGNED => boolean; unsigned property of an integer type * PRIMARY => boolean; true if column is part of the primary key * PRIMARY_POSITION => integer; position of column in primary key * IDENTITY => integer; true if column is auto-generated with unique values * * @param string $tableName * @param string $schemaName OPTIONAL * @return array */ public function describeTable($tableName, $schemaName = null) { // @todo use INFORMATION_SCHEMA someday when MySQL"s // implementation has reasonably good performance and // the version with this improvement is in wide use. if ($schemaName) { $sql = "DESCRIBE " . $this->quoteIdentifier("$schemaName.$tableName", true); } else { $sql = "DESCRIBE " . $this->quoteIdentifier($tableName, true); } $stmt = $this->query($sql); // Use FETCH_NUM so we are not dependent on the CASE attribute of the PDO connection $result = $stmt->fetchAll(Zend_Db::FETCH_NUM); $field = 0; $type = 1; $null = 2; $key = 3; $default = 4; $extra = 5; $desc = array(); $i = 1; $p = 1; foreach ($result as $row) { list($length, $scale, $precision, $unsigned, $primary, $primaryPosition, $identity) = array(null, null, null, null, false, null, false); if (preg_match("/unsigned/", $row[$type])) { $unsigned = true; } if (preg_match("/^((?:var)?char)((d+))/", $row[$type], $matches)) { $row[$type] = $matches[1]; $length = $matches[2]; } else if (preg_match("/^decimal((d+),(d+))/", $row[$type], $matches)) { $row[$type] = "decimal"; $precision = $matches[1]; $scale = $matches[2]; } else if (preg_match("/^float((d+),(d+))/", $row[$type], $matches)) { $row[$type] = "float"; $precision = $matches[1]; $scale = $matches[2]; } else if (preg_match("/^((?:big|medium|small|tiny)?int)((d+))/", $row[$type], $matches)) { $row[$type] = $matches[1]; // The optional argument of a MySQL int type is not precision // or length; it is only a hint for display width. } if (strtoupper($row[$key]) == "PRI") { $primary = true; $primaryPosition = $p; if ($row[$extra] == "auto_increment") { $identity = true; } else { $identity = false; } ++$p; } $desc[$this->foldCase($row[$field])] = array( "SCHEMA_NAME" => null, // @todo "TABLE_NAME" => $this->foldCase($tableName), "COLUMN_NAME" => $this->foldCase($row[$field]), "COLUMN_POSITION" => $i, "DATA_TYPE" => $row[$type], "DEFAULT" => $row[$default], "NULLABLE" => (bool) ($row[$null] == "YES"), "LENGTH" => $length, "SCALE" => $scale, "PRECISION" => $precision, "UNSIGNED" => $unsigned, "PRIMARY" => $primary, "PRIMARY_POSITION" => $primaryPosition, "IDENTITY" => $identity ); ++$i; } return $desc; } /** * Adds an adapter-specific LIMIT clause to the SELECT statement. * * @param string $sql * @param integer $count * @param integer $offset OPTIONAL * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception * @return string */ public function limit($sql, $count, $offset = 0) { $count = intval($count); if ($count <= 0) { /** @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ require_once "Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php"; throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("LIMIT argument count=$count is not valid"); } $offset = intval($offset); if ($offset < 0) { /** @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ require_once "Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php"; throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("LIMIT argument offset=$offset is not valid"); } $sql .= " LIMIT $count"; if ($offset > 0) { $sql .= " OFFSET $offset"; } return $sql; }}这里又引入了一个Abstract类，抽象类
<?php/** * Zend Framework * * LICENSE * * This source file is subject to the new BSD license that is bundled * with this package in the file LICENSE.txt. * It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL: * http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to * obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email * to license@zend.com so we can send you a copy immediately. * * @category Zend * @package Zend_Db * @subpackage Adapter * @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2012 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com) * @license http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License * @version $Id: Abstract.php 24593 2012-01-05 20:35:02Z matthew $ *//** * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract */require_once "Zend/Db/Adapter/Abstract.php";/** * @see Zend_Db_Statement_Pdo */require_once "Zend/Db/Statement/Pdo.php";/** * Class for connecting to SQL databases and performing common operations using PDO. * * @category Zend * @package Zend_Db * @subpackage Adapter * @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2012 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com) * @license http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License */abstract class Zend_Db_Adapter_Pdo_Abstract extends Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract{ /** * Default class name for a DB statement. * * @var string */ protected $_defaultStmtClass = "Zend_Db_Statement_Pdo"; /** * Creates a PDO DSN for the adapter from $this->_config settings. * * @return string */ protected function _dsn() { // baseline of DSN parts $dsn = $this->_config; // don"t pass the username, password, charset, persistent and driver_options in the DSN unset($dsn["username"]); unset($dsn["password"]); unset($dsn["options"]); unset($dsn["charset"]); unset($dsn["persistent"]); unset($dsn["driver_options"]); // use all remaining parts in the DSN foreach ($dsn as $key => $val) { $dsn[$key] = "$key=$val"; } return $this->_pdoType . ":" . implode(";", $dsn); } /** * Creates a PDO object and connects to the database. * * @return void * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ protected function _connect() { // if we already have a PDO object, no need to re-connect. if ($this->_connection) { return; } // get the dsn first, because some adapters alter the $_pdoType $dsn = $this->_dsn(); // check for PDO extension if (!extension_loaded("pdo")) { /** * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ require_once "Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php"; throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("The PDO extension is required for this adapter but the extension is not loaded"); } // check the PDO driver is available if (!in_array($this->_pdoType, PDO::getAvailableDrivers())) { /** * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ require_once "Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php"; throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("The " . $this->_pdoType . " driver is not currently installed"); } // create PDO connection $q = $this->_profiler->queryStart("connect", Zend_Db_Profiler::CONNECT); // add the persistence flag if we find it in our config array if (isset($this->_config["persistent"]) && ($this->_config["persistent"] == true)) { $this->_config["driver_options"][PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT] = true; } try { $this->_connection = new PDO( $dsn, $this->_config["username"], $this->_config["password"], $this->_config["driver_options"] ); $this->_profiler->queryEnd($q); // set the PDO connection to perform case-folding on array keys, or not $this->_connection->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_CASE, $this->_caseFolding); // always use exceptions. $this->_connection->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION); } catch (PDOException $e) { /** * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ require_once "Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php"; throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception($e->getMessage(), $e->getCode(), $e); } } /** * Test if a connection is active * * @return boolean */ public function isConnected() { return ((bool) ($this->_connection instanceof PDO)); } /** * Force the connection to close. * * @return void */ public function closeConnection() { $this->_connection = null; } /** * Prepares an SQL statement. * * @param string $sql The SQL statement with placeholders. * @param array $bind An array of data to bind to the placeholders. * @return PDOStatement */ public function prepare($sql) { $this->_connect(); $stmtClass = $this->_defaultStmtClass; if (!class_exists($stmtClass)) { require_once "Zend/Loader.php"; Zend_Loader::loadClass($stmtClass); } $stmt = new $stmtClass($this, $sql); $stmt->setFetchMode($this->_fetchMode); return $stmt; } /** * Gets the last ID generated automatically by an IDENTITY/AUTOINCREMENT column. * * As a convention, on RDBMS brands that support sequences * (e.g. Oracle, PostgreSQL, DB2), this method forms the name of a sequence * from the arguments and returns the last id generated by that sequence. * On RDBMS brands that support IDENTITY/AUTOINCREMENT columns, this method * returns the last value generated for such a column, and the table name * argument is disregarded. * * On RDBMS brands that don"t support sequences, $tableName and $primaryKey * are ignored. * * @param string $tableName OPTIONAL Name of table. * @param string $primaryKey OPTIONAL Name of primary key column. * @return string */ public function lastInsertId($tableName = null, $primaryKey = null) { $this->_connect(); return $this->_connection->lastInsertId(); } /** * Special handling for PDO query(). * All bind parameter names must begin with ":" * * @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql The SQL statement with placeholders. * @param array $bind An array of data to bind to the placeholders. * @return Zend_Db_Statement_Pdo * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception To re-throw PDOException. */ public function query($sql, $bind = array()) { if (empty($bind) && $sql instanceof Zend_Db_Select) { $bind = $sql->getBind(); } if (is_array($bind)) { foreach ($bind as $name => $value) { if (!is_int($name) && !preg_match("/^:/", $name)) { $newName = ":$name"; unset($bind[$name]); $bind[$newName] = $value; } } } try { return parent::query($sql, $bind); } catch (PDOException $e) { /** * @see Zend_Db_Statement_Exception */ require_once "Zend/Db/Statement/Exception.php"; throw new Zend_Db_Statement_Exception($e->getMessage(), $e->getCode(), $e); } } /** * Executes an SQL statement and return the number of affected rows * * @param mixed $sql The SQL statement with placeholders. * May be a string or Zend_Db_Select. * @return integer Number of rows that were modified * or deleted by the SQL statement */ public function exec($sql) { if ($sql instanceof Zend_Db_Select) { $sql = $sql->assemble(); } try { $affected = $this->getConnection()->exec($sql); if ($affected === false) { $errorInfo = $this->getConnection()->errorInfo(); /** * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ require_once "Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php"; throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception($errorInfo[2]); } return $affected; } catch (PDOException $e) { /** * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ require_once "Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php"; throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception($e->getMessage(), $e->getCode(), $e); } } /** * Quote a raw string. * * @param string $value Raw string * @return string Quoted string */ protected function _quote($value) { if (is_int($value) || is_float($value)) { return $value; } $this->_connect(); return $this->_connection->quote($value); } /** * Begin a transaction. */ protected function _beginTransaction() { $this->_connect(); $this->_connection->beginTransaction(); } /** * Commit a transaction. */ protected function _commit() { $this->_connect(); $this->_connection->commit(); } /** * Roll-back a transaction. */ protected function _rollBack() { $this->_connect(); $this->_connection->rollBack(); } /** * Set the PDO fetch mode. * * @todo Support FETCH_CLASS and FETCH_INTO. * * @param int $mode A PDO fetch mode. * @return void * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ public function setFetchMode($mode) { //check for PDO extension if (!extension_loaded("pdo")) { /** * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ require_once "Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php"; throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("The PDO extension is required for this adapter but the extension is not loaded"); } switch ($mode) { case PDO::FETCH_LAZY: case PDO::FETCH_ASSOC: case PDO::FETCH_NUM: case PDO::FETCH_BOTH: case PDO::FETCH_NAMED: case PDO::FETCH_OBJ: $this->_fetchMode = $mode; break; default: /** * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ require_once "Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php"; throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("Invalid fetch mode "$mode" specified"); break; } } /** * Check if the adapter supports real SQL parameters. * * @param string $type "positional" or "named" * @return bool */ public function supportsParameters($type) { switch ($type) { case "positional": case "named": default: return true; } } /** * Retrieve server version in PHP style * * @return string */ public function getServerVersion() { $this->_connect(); try { $version = $this->_connection->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_SERVER_VERSION); } catch (PDOException $e) { // In case of the driver doesn"t support getting attributes return null; } $matches = null; if (preg_match("/((?:[0-9]{1,2}.){1,3}[0-9]{1,2})/", $version, $matches)) { return $matches[1]; } else { return null; } }}这个抽象类中又有另一个核心的抽象类。一些核心的方法都在这里
<?php/** * Zend Framework * * LICENSE * * This source file is subject to the new BSD license that is bundled * with this package in the file LICENSE.txt. * It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL: * http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to * obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email * to license@zend.com so we can send you a copy immediately. * * @category Zend * @package Zend_Db * @subpackage Adapter * @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2012 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com) * @license http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License * @version $Id: Abstract.php 25229 2013-01-18 08:17:21Z frosch $ *//** * @see Zend_Db */require_once "Zend/Db.php";/** * @see Zend_Db_Select */require_once "Zend/Db/Select.php";/** * Class for connecting to SQL databases and performing common operations. * * @category Zend * @package Zend_Db * @subpackage Adapter * @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2012 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com) * @license http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License */abstract class Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract{ /** * User-provided configuration * * @var array */ protected $_config = array(); /** * Fetch mode * * @var integer */ protected $_fetchMode = Zend_Db::FETCH_ASSOC; /** * Query profiler object, of type Zend_Db_Profiler * or a subclass of that. * * @var Zend_Db_Profiler */ protected $_profiler; /** * Default class name for a DB statement. * * @var string */ protected $_defaultStmtClass = "Zend_Db_Statement"; /** * Default class name for the profiler object. * * @var string */ protected $_defaultProfilerClass = "Zend_Db_Profiler"; /** * Database connection * * @var object|resource|null */ protected $_connection = null; /** * Specifies the case of column names retrieved in queries * Options * Zend_Db::CASE_NATURAL (default) * Zend_Db::CASE_LOWER * Zend_Db::CASE_UPPER * * @var integer */ protected $_caseFolding = Zend_Db::CASE_NATURAL; /** * Specifies whether the adapter automatically quotes identifiers. * If true, most SQL generated by Zend_Db classes applies * identifier quoting automatically. * If false, developer must quote identifiers themselves * by calling quoteIdentifier(). * * @var bool */ protected $_autoQuoteIdentifiers = true; /** * Keys are UPPERCASE SQL datatypes or the constants * Zend_Db::INT_TYPE, Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE, or Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE. * * Values are: * 0 = 32-bit integer * 1 = 64-bit integer * 2 = float or decimal * * @var array Associative array of datatypes to values 0, 1, or 2. */ protected $_numericDataTypes = array( Zend_Db::INT_TYPE => Zend_Db::INT_TYPE, Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE => Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE, Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE => Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE ); /** Weither or not that object can get serialized * * @var bool */ protected $_allowSerialization = true; /** * Weither or not the database should be reconnected * to that adapter when waking up * * @var bool */ protected $_autoReconnectOnUnserialize = false; /** * Constructor. * * $config is an array of key/value pairs or an instance of Zend_Config * containing configuration options. These options are common to most adapters: * * dbname => (string) The name of the database to user * username => (string) Connect to the database as this username. * password => (string) Password associated with the username. * host => (string) What host to connect to, defaults to localhost * * Some options are used on a case-by-case basis by adapters: * * port => (string) The port of the database * persistent => (boolean) Whether to use a persistent connection or not, defaults to false * protocol => (string) The network protocol, defaults to TCPIP * caseFolding => (int) style of case-alteration used for identifiers * socket => (string) The socket or named pipe that should be used * * @param array|Zend_Config $config An array or instance of Zend_Config having configuration data * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ public function __construct($config) { /* * Verify that adapter parameters are in an array. */ if (!is_array($config)) { /* * Convert Zend_Config argument to a plain array. */ if ($config instanceof Zend_Config) { $config = $config->toArray(); } else { /** * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ require_once "Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php"; throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("Adapter parameters must be in an array or a Zend_Config object"); } } $this->_checkRequiredOptions($config); $options = array( Zend_Db::CASE_FOLDING => $this->_caseFolding, Zend_Db::AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS => $this->_autoQuoteIdentifiers, Zend_Db::FETCH_MODE => $this->_fetchMode, ); $driverOptions = array(); /* * normalize the config and merge it with the defaults */ if (array_key_exists("options", $config)) { // can"t use array_merge() because keys might be integers foreach ((array) $config["options"] as $key => $value) { $options[$key] = $value; } } if (array_key_exists("driver_options", $config)) { if (!empty($config["driver_options"])) { // can"t use array_merge() because keys might be integers foreach ((array) $config["driver_options"] as $key => $value) { $driverOptions[$key] = $value; } } } if (!isset($config["charset"])) { $config["charset"] = null; } if (!isset($config["persistent"])) { $config["persistent"] = false; } $this->_config = array_merge($this->_config, $config); $this->_config["options"] = $options; $this->_config["driver_options"] = $driverOptions; // obtain the case setting, if there is one if (array_key_exists(Zend_Db::CASE_FOLDING, $options)) { $case = (int) $options[Zend_Db::CASE_FOLDING]; switch ($case) { case Zend_Db::CASE_LOWER: case Zend_Db::CASE_UPPER: case Zend_Db::CASE_NATURAL: $this->_caseFolding = $case; break; default: /** @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ require_once "Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php"; throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("Case must be one of the following constants: " . "Zend_Db::CASE_NATURAL, Zend_Db::CASE_LOWER, Zend_Db::CASE_UPPER"); } } if (array_key_exists(Zend_Db::FETCH_MODE, $options)) { if (is_string($options[Zend_Db::FETCH_MODE])) { $constant = "Zend_Db::FETCH_" . strtoupper($options[Zend_Db::FETCH_MODE]); if(defined($constant)) { $options[Zend_Db::FETCH_MODE] = constant($constant); } } $this->setFetchMode((int) $options[Zend_Db::FETCH_MODE]); } // obtain quoting property if there is one if (array_key_exists(Zend_Db::AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS, $options)) { $this->_autoQuoteIdentifiers = (bool) $options[Zend_Db::AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS]; } // obtain allow serialization property if there is one if (array_key_exists(Zend_Db::ALLOW_SERIALIZATION, $options)) { $this->_allowSerialization = (bool) $options[Zend_Db::ALLOW_SERIALIZATION]; } // obtain auto reconnect on unserialize property if there is one if (array_key_exists(Zend_Db::AUTO_RECONNECT_ON_UNSERIALIZE, $options)) { $this->_autoReconnectOnUnserialize = (bool) $options[Zend_Db::AUTO_RECONNECT_ON_UNSERIALIZE]; } // create a profiler object $profiler = false; if (array_key_exists(Zend_Db::PROFILER, $this->_config)) { $profiler = $this->_config[Zend_Db::PROFILER]; unset($this->_config[Zend_Db::PROFILER]); } $this->setProfiler($profiler); } /** * Check for config options that are mandatory. * Throw exceptions if any are missing. * * @param array $config * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ protected function _checkRequiredOptions(array $config) { // we need at least a dbname if (! array_key_exists("dbname", $config)) { /** @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ require_once "Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php"; throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("Configuration array must have a key for "dbname" that names the database instance"); } if (! array_key_exists("password", $config)) { /** * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ require_once "Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php"; throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("Configuration array must have a key for "password" for login credentials"); } if (! array_key_exists("username", $config)) { /** * @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ require_once "Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php"; throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception("Configuration array must have a key for "username" for login credentials"); } } /** * Returns the underlying database connection object or resource. * If not presently connected, this initiates the connection. * * @return object|resource|null */ public function getConnection() { $this->_connect(); return $this->_connection; } /** * Returns the configuration variables in this adapter. * * @return array */ public function getConfig() { return $this->_config; } /** * Set the adapter"s profiler object. * * The argument may be a boolean, an associative array, an instance of * Zend_Db_Profiler, or an instance of Zend_Config. * * A boolean argument sets the profiler to enabled if true, or disabled if * false. The profiler class is the adapter"s default profiler class, * Zend_Db_Profiler. * * An instance of Zend_Db_Profiler sets the adapter"s instance to that * object. The profiler is enabled and disabled separately. * * An associative array argument may contain any of the keys "enabled", * "class", and "instance". The "enabled" and "instance" keys correspond to the * boolean and object types documented above. The "class" key is used to name a * class to use for a custom profiler. The class must be Zend_Db_Profiler or a * subclass. The class is instantiated with no constructor arguments. The "class" * option is ignored when the "instance" option is supplied. * * An object of type Zend_Config may contain the properties "enabled", "class", and * "instance", just as if an associative array had been passed instead. * * @param Zend_Db_Profiler|Zend_Config|array|boolean $profiler * @return Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract Provides a fluent interface * @throws Zend_Db_Profiler_Exception if the object instance or class specified * is not Zend_Db_Profiler or an extension of that class. */ public function setProfiler($profiler) { $enabled = null; $profilerClass = $this->_defaultProfilerClass; $profilerInstance = null; if ($profilerIsObject = is_object($profiler)) { if ($profiler instanceof Zend_Db_Profiler) { $profilerInstance = $profiler; } else if ($profiler instanceof Zend_Config) { $profiler = $profiler->toArray(); } else { /** * @see Zend_Db_Profiler_Exception */ require_once "Zend/Db/Profiler/Exception.php"; throw new Zend_Db_Profiler_Exception("Profiler argument must be an instance of either Zend_Db_Profiler" . " or Zend_Config when provided as an object"); } } if (is_array($profiler)) { if (isset($profiler["enabled"])) { $enabled = (bool) $profiler["enabled"]; } if (isset($profiler["class"])) { $profilerClass = $profiler["class"]; } if (isset($profiler["instance"])) { $profilerInstance = $profiler["instance"]; } } else if (!$profilerIsObject) { $enabled = (bool) $profiler; } if ($profilerInstance === null) { if (!class_exists($profilerClass)) { require_once "Zend/Loader.php"; Zend_Loader::loadClass($profilerClass); } $profilerInstance = new $profilerClass(); } if (!$profilerInstance instanceof Zend_Db_Profiler) { /** @see Zend_Db_Profiler_Exception */ require_once "Zend/Db/Profiler/Exception.php"; throw new Zend_Db_Profiler_Exception("Class " . get_class($profilerInstance) . " does not extend " . "Zend_Db_Profiler"); } if (null !== $enabled) { $profilerInstance->setEnabled($enabled); } $this->_profiler = $profilerInstance; return $this; } /** * Returns the profiler for this adapter. * * @return Zend_Db_Profiler */ public function getProfiler() { return $this->_profiler; } /** * Get the default statement class. * * @return string */ public function getStatementClass() { return $this->_defaultStmtClass; } /** * Set the default statement class. * * @return Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract Fluent interface */ public function setStatementClass($class) { $this->_defaultStmtClass = $class; return $this; } /** * Prepares and executes an SQL statement with bound data. * * @param mixed $sql The SQL statement with placeholders. * May be a string or Zend_Db_Select. * @param mixed $bind An array of data to bind to the placeholders. * @return Zend_Db_Statement_Interface */ public function query($sql, $bind = array()) { // connect to the database if needed $this->_connect(); // is the $sql a Zend_Db_Select object? if ($sql instanceof Zend_Db_Select) { if (empty($bind)) { $bind = $sql->getBind(); } $sql = $sql->assemble(); } // make sure $bind to an array; // don"t use (array) typecasting because // because $bind may be a Zend_Db_Expr object if (!is_array($bind)) { $bind = array($bind); } // prepare and execute the statement with profiling $stmt = $this->prepare($sql); $stmt->execute($bind); // return the results embedded in the prepared statement object $stmt->setFetchMode($this->_fetchMode); return $stmt; } /** * Leave autocommit mode and begin a transaction. * * @return Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract */ public function beginTransaction() { $this->_connect(); $q = $this->_profiler->queryStart("begin", Zend_Db_Profiler::TRANSACTION); $this->_beginTransaction(); $this->_profiler->queryEnd($q); return $this; } /** * Commit a transaction and return to autocommit mode. * * @return Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract */ public function commit() { $this->_connect(); $q = $this->_profiler->queryStart("commit", Zend_Db_Profiler::TRANSACTION); $this->_commit(); $this->_profiler->queryEnd($q); return $this; } /** * Roll back a transaction and return to autocommit mode. * * @return Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract */ public function rollBack() { $this->_connect(); $q = $this->_profiler->queryStart("rollback", Zend_Db_Profiler::TRANSACTION); $this->_rollBack(); $this->_profiler->queryEnd($q); return $this; } /** * Inserts a table row with specified data. * * @param mixed $table The table to insert data into. * @param array $bind Column-value pairs. * @return int The number of affected rows. * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ public function insert($table, array $bind) { // extract and quote col names from the array keys $cols = array(); $vals = array(); $i = 0; foreach ($bind as $col => $val) { $cols[] = $this->quoteIdentifier($col, true); if ($val instanceof Zend_Db_Expr) { $vals[] = $val->__toString(); unset($bind[$col]); } else { if ($this->supportsParameters("positional")) { $vals[] = "?"; } else { if ($this->supportsParameters("named")) { unset($bind[$col]); $bind[":col".$i] = $val; $vals[] = ":col".$i; $i++; } else { /** @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ require_once "Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php"; throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception(get_class($this) ." doesn"t support positional or named binding"); } } } } // build the statement $sql = "INSERT INTO " . $this->quoteIdentifier($table, true) . " (" . implode(", ", $cols) . ") " . "VALUES (" . implode(", ", $vals) . ")"; // execute the statement and return the number of affected rows if ($this->supportsParameters("positional")) { $bind = array_values($bind); } $stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind); $result = $stmt->rowCount(); return $result; } /** * Updates table rows with specified data based on a WHERE clause. * * @param mixed $table The table to update. * @param array $bind Column-value pairs. * @param mixed $where UPDATE WHERE clause(s). * @return int The number of affected rows. * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ public function update($table, array $bind, $where = "") { /** * Build "col = ?" pairs for the statement, * except for Zend_Db_Expr which is treated literally. */ $set = array(); $i = 0; foreach ($bind as $col => $val) { if ($val instanceof Zend_Db_Expr) { $val = $val->__toString(); unset($bind[$col]); } else { if ($this->supportsParameters("positional")) { $val = "?"; } else { if ($this->supportsParameters("named")) { unset($bind[$col]); $bind[":col".$i] = $val; $val = ":col".$i; $i++; } else { /** @see Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception */ require_once "Zend/Db/Adapter/Exception.php"; throw new Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception(get_class($this) ." doesn"t support positional or named binding"); } } } $set[] = $this->quoteIdentifier($col, true) . " = " . $val; } $where = $this->_whereExpr($where); /** * Build the UPDATE statement */ $sql = "UPDATE " . $this->quoteIdentifier($table, true) . " SET " . implode(", ", $set) . (($where) ? " WHERE $where" : ""); /** * Execute the statement and return the number of affected rows */ if ($this->supportsParameters("positional")) { $stmt = $this->query($sql, array_values($bind)); } else { $stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind); } $result = $stmt->rowCount(); return $result; } /** * Deletes table rows based on a WHERE clause. * * @param mixed $table The table to update. * @param mixed $where DELETE WHERE clause(s). * @return int The number of affected rows. */ public function delete($table, $where = "") { $where = $this->_whereExpr($where); /** * Build the DELETE statement */ $sql = "DELETE FROM " . $this->quoteIdentifier($table, true) . (($where) ? " WHERE $where" : ""); /** * Execute the statement and return the number of affected rows */ $stmt = $this->query($sql); $result = $stmt->rowCount(); return $result; } /** * Convert an array, string, or Zend_Db_Expr object * into a string to put in a WHERE clause. * * @param mixed $where * @return string */ protected function _whereExpr($where) { if (empty($where)) { return $where; } if (!is_array($where)) { $where = array($where); } foreach ($where as $cond => &$term) { // is $cond an int? (i.e. Not a condition) if (is_int($cond)) { // $term is the full condition if ($term instanceof Zend_Db_Expr) { $term = $term->__toString(); } } else { // $cond is the condition with placeholder, // and $term is quoted into the condition $term = $this->quoteInto($cond, $term); } $term = "(" . $term . ")"; } $where = implode(" AND ", $where); return $where; } /** * Creates and returns a new Zend_Db_Select object for this adapter. * * @return Zend_Db_Select */ public function select() { return new Zend_Db_Select($this); } /** * Get the fetch mode. * * @return int */ public function getFetchMode() { return $this->_fetchMode; } /** * Fetches all SQL result rows as a sequential array. * Uses the current fetchMode for the adapter. * * @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql An SQL SELECT statement. * @param mixed $bind Data to bind into SELECT placeholders. * @param mixed $fetchMode Override current fetch mode. * @return array */ public function fetchAll($sql, $bind = array(), $fetchMode = null) { if ($fetchMode === null) { $fetchMode = $this->_fetchMode; } $stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind); $result = $stmt->fetchAll($fetchMode); return $result; } /** * Fetches the first row of the SQL result. * Uses the current fetchMode for the adapter. * * @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql An SQL SELECT statement. * @param mixed $bind Data to bind into SELECT placeholders. * @param mixed $fetchMode Override current fetch mode. * @return mixed Array, object, or scalar depending on fetch mode. */ public function fetchRow($sql, $bind = array(), $fetchMode = null) { if ($fetchMode === null) { $fetchMode = $this->_fetchMode; } $stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind); $result = $stmt->fetch($fetchMode); return $result; } /** * Fetches all SQL result rows as an associative array. * * The first column is the key, the entire row array is the * value. You should construct the query to be sure that * the first column contains unique values, or else * rows with duplicate values in the first column will * overwrite previous data. * * @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql An SQL SELECT statement. * @param mixed $bind Data to bind into SELECT placeholders. * @return array */ public function fetchAssoc($sql, $bind = array()) { $stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind); $data = array(); while ($row = $stmt->fetch(Zend_Db::FETCH_ASSOC)) { $tmp = array_values(array_slice($row, 0, 1)); $data[$tmp[0]] = $row; } return $data; } /** * Fetches the first column of all SQL result rows as an array. * * @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql An SQL SELECT statement. * @param mixed $bind Data to bind into SELECT placeholders. * @return array */ public function fetchCol($sql, $bind = array()) { $stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind); $result = $stmt->fetchAll(Zend_Db::FETCH_COLUMN, 0); return $result; } /** * Fetches all SQL result rows as an array of key-value pairs. * * The first column is the key, the second column is the * value. * * @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql An SQL SELECT statement. * @param mixed $bind Data to bind into SELECT placeholders. * @return array */ public function fetchPairs($sql, $bind = array()) { $stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind); $data = array(); while ($row = $stmt->fetch(Zend_Db::FETCH_NUM)) { $data[$row[0]] = $row[1]; } return $data; } /** * Fetches the first column of the first row of the SQL result. * * @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql An SQL SELECT statement. * @param mixed $bind Data to bind into SELECT placeholders. * @return string */ public function fetchOne($sql, $bind = array()) { $stmt = $this->query($sql, $bind); $result = $stmt->fetchColumn(0); return $result; } /** * Quote a raw string. * * @param string $value Raw string * @return string Quoted string */ protected function _quote($value) { if (is_int($value)) { return $value; } elseif (is_float($value)) { return sprintf("%F", $value); } return """ . addcslashes($value, " 00\"" 32") . """; } /** * Safely quotes a value for an SQL statement. * * If an array is passed as the value, the array values are quoted * and then returned as a comma-separated string. * * @param mixed $value The value to quote. * @param mixed $type OPTIONAL the SQL datatype name, or constant, or null. * @return mixed An SQL-safe quoted value (or string of separated values). */ public function quote($value, $type = null) { $this->_connect(); if ($value instanceof Zend_Db_Select) { return "(" . $value->assemble() . ")"; } if ($value instanceof Zend_Db_Expr) { return $value->__toString(); } if (is_array($value)) { foreach ($value as &$val) { $val = $this->quote($val, $type); } return implode(", ", $value); } if ($type !== null && array_key_exists($type = strtoupper($type), $this->_numericDataTypes)) { $quotedValue = "0"; switch ($this->_numericDataTypes[$type]) { case Zend_Db::INT_TYPE: // 32-bit integer $quotedValue = (string) intval($value); break; case Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE: // 64-bit integer // ANSI SQL-style hex literals (e.g. x"[dA-F]+") // are not supported here, because these are string // literals, not numeric literals. if (preg_match("/^( [+-]? # optional sign (?: 0[Xx][da-fA-F]+ # ODBC-style hexadecimal |d+ # decimal or octal, or MySQL ZEROFILL decimal (?:[eE][+-]?d+)? # optional exponent on decimals or octals ) )/x", (string) $value, $matches)) { $quotedValue = $matches[1]; } break; case Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE: // float or decimal $quotedValue = sprintf("%F", $value); } return $quotedValue; } return $this->_quote($value); } /** * Quotes a value and places into a piece of text at a placeholder. * * The placeholder is a question-mark; all placeholders will be replaced * with the quoted value. For example: * * <code> * $text = "WHERE date < ?"; * $date = "2005-01-02"; * $safe = $sql->quoteInto($text, $date); * // $safe = "WHERE date < "2005-01-02"" * </code> * * @param string $text The text with a placeholder. * @param mixed $value The value to quote. * @param string $type OPTIONAL SQL datatype * @param integer $count OPTIONAL count of placeholders to replace * @return string An SQL-safe quoted value placed into the original text. */ public function quoteInto($text, $value, $type = null, $count = null) { if ($count === null) { return str_replace("?", $this->quote($value, $type), $text); } else { while ($count > 0) { if (strpos($text, "?") !== false) { $text = substr_replace($text, $this->quote($value, $type), strpos($text, "?"), 1); } --$count; } return $text; } } /** * Quotes an identifier. * * Accepts a string representing a qualified indentifier. For Example: * <code> * $adapter->quoteIdentifier("myschema.mytable") * </code> * Returns: "myschema"."mytable" * * Or, an array of one or more identifiers that may form a qualified identifier: * <code> * $adapter->quoteIdentifier(array("myschema","my.table")) * </code> * Returns: "myschema"."my.table" * * The actual quote character surrounding the identifiers may vary depending on * the adapter. * * @param string|array|Zend_Db_Expr $ident The identifier. * @param boolean $auto If true, heed the AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS config option. * @return string The quoted identifier. */ public function quoteIdentifier($ident, $auto=false) { return $this->_quoteIdentifierAs($ident, null, $auto); } /** * Quote a column identifier and alias. * * @param string|array|Zend_Db_Expr 
