浅谈Tomcat Session管理分析
author:一佰互联 2019-04-23   click:334

前言

在上文Nginx+Tomcat关于Session的管理中简单介绍了如何使用redis来集中管理session,本文首先将介绍默认的管理器是如何管理Session的生命周期的,然后在此基础上对Redis集中式管理Session进行分析。

Tomcat Manager介绍

上文中在Tomcat的context.xml中配置了Session管理器RedisSessionManager,实现了通过redis来存储session的功能;Tomcat本身提供了多种Session管理器,如下类图:

1.Manager接口类

定义了用来管理session的基本接口,包括:createSession,findSession,add,remove等对session操作的方法;还有getMaxActive,setMaxActive,getActiveSessions活跃会话的管理;还有Session有效期的接口;以及与Container相关联的接口;

2.ManagerBase抽象类

实现了Manager接口,提供了基本的功能,使用ConcurrentHashMap存放session,提供了对session的create,find,add,remove功能,并且在createSession中了使用类SessionIdGenerator来生成会话id,作为session的唯一标识;

3.ClusterManager接口类

实现了Manager接口,集群session的管理器,Tomcat内置的集群服务器之间的session复制功能;

4.ClusterManagerBase抽象类

继承了ManagerBase抽象类,实现ClusterManager接口类,实现session复制基本功能;

5.PersistentManagerBase抽象类

继承了ManagerBase抽象类,实现了session管理器持久化的基本功能;内部有一个Store存储类,具体实现有:FileStore和JDBCStore;

6.StandardManager类

继承ManagerBase抽象类,Tomcat默认的Session管理器(单机版);对session提供了持久化功能,tomcat关闭的时候会将session保存到javax.servlet.context.tempdir路径下的SESSIONS.ser文件中,启动的时候会从此文件中加载session;

7.PersistentManager类

继承PersistentManagerBase抽象类,如果session空闲时间过长,将空闲session转换为存储,所以在findsession时会首先从内存中获取session,获取不到会多一步到store中获取,这也是PersistentManager类和StandardManager类的区别;

8.DeltaManager类

继承ClusterManagerBase,每一个节点session发生变更(增删改),都会通知其他所有节点,其他所有节点进行更新操作,任何一个session在每个节点都有备份;

9.BackupManager类

继承ClusterManagerBase,会话数据只有一个备份节点,这个备份节点的位置集群中所有节点都可见;相比较DeltaManager数据传输量较小,当集群规模比较大时DeltaManager的数据传输量会非常大;

10.RedisSessionManager类

继承ManagerBase抽象类,非Tomcat内置的管理器,使用redis集中存储session,省去了节点之间的session复制,依赖redis的可靠性,比起sessin复制扩展性更好;

Session的生命周期

1.解析获取requestedSessionId

当我们在类中通过request.getSession()时,tomcat是如何处理的,可以查看Request中的doGetSession方法:

protected Session doGetSession(boolean create) {   // There cannot be a session if no context has been assigned yet  Context context = getContext();  if (context == null) {    return (null);  }   // Return the current session if it exists and is valid  if ((session != null) && !session.isValid()) {    session = null;  }  if (session != null) {    return (session);  }   // Return the requested session if it exists and is valid  Manager manager = context.getManager();  if (manager == null) {    return null;    // Sessions are not supported  }  if (requestedSessionId != null) {    try {      session = manager.findSession(requestedSessionId);    } catch (IOException e) {      session = null;    }    if ((session != null) && !session.isValid()) {      session = null;    }    if (session != null) {      session.access();      return (session);    }  }   // Create a new session if requested and the response is not committed  if (!create) {    return (null);  }  if ((response != null) &&      context.getServletContext().getEffectiveSessionTrackingModes().      contains(SessionTrackingMode.COOKIE) &&      response.getResponse().isCommitted()) {    throw new IllegalStateException    (sm.getString("coyoteRequest.sessionCreateCommitted"));  }   // Re-use session IDs provided by the client in very limited  // circumstances.  String sessionId = getRequestedSessionId();  if (requestedSessionSSL) {    // If the session ID has been obtained from the SSL handshake then    // use it.  } else if (("/".equals(context.getSessionCookiePath())      && isRequestedSessionIdFromCookie())) {    /* This is the common(ish) use case: using the same session ID with     * multiple web applications on the same host. Typically this is     * used by Portlet implementations. It only works if sessions are     * tracked via cookies. The cookie must have a path of "/" else it     * won"t be provided for requests to all web applications.     *     * Any session ID provided by the client should be for a session     * that already exists somewhere on the host. Check if the context     * is configured for this to be confirmed.     */    if (context.getValidateClientProvidedNewSessionId()) {      boolean found = false;      for (Container container : getHost().findChildren()) {        Manager m = ((Context) container).getManager();        if (m != null) {          try {            if (m.findSession(sessionId) != null) {              found = true;              break;            }          } catch (IOException e) {            // Ignore. Problems with this manager will be            // handled elsewhere.          }        }      }      if (!found) {        sessionId = null;      }    }  } else {    sessionId = null;  }  session = manager.createSession(sessionId);   // Creating a new session cookie based on that session  if ((session != null) && (getContext() != null)      && getContext().getServletContext().      getEffectiveSessionTrackingModes().contains(          SessionTrackingMode.COOKIE)) {    Cookie cookie =        ApplicationSessionCookieConfig.createSessionCookie(            context, session.getIdInternal(), isSecure());     response.addSessionCookieInternal(cookie);  }   if (session == null) {    return null;  }   session.access();  return session;}

如果session已经存在,则直接返回;如果不存在则判定requestedSessionId是否为空,如果不为空则通过requestedSessionId到Session manager中获取session,如果为空,并且不是创建session操作,直接返回null;否则会调用Session manager创建一个新的session;

关于requestedSessionId是如何获取的,Tomcat内部可以支持从cookie和url中获取,具体可以查看CoyoteAdapter类的postParseRequest方法部分代码:

String sessionID;if (request.getServletContext().getEffectiveSessionTrackingModes()    .contains(SessionTrackingMode.URL)) {   // Get the session ID if there was one  sessionID = request.getPathParameter(      SessionConfig.getSessionUriParamName(          request.getContext()));  if (sessionID != null) {    request.setRequestedSessionId(sessionID);    request.setRequestedSessionURL(true);  }} // Look for session ID in cookies and SSL sessionparseSessionCookiesId(req, request);

可以发现首先去url解析sessionId,如果获取不到则去cookie中获取,此处的SessionUriParamName=jsessionid;在cookie被浏览器禁用的情况下,我们可以看到url后面跟着参数jsessionid=xxxxxx;下面看一下parseSessionCookiesId方法:

String sessionCookieName = SessionConfig.getSessionCookieName(context); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {  ServerCookie scookie = serverCookies.getCookie(i);  if (scookie.getName().equals(sessionCookieName)) {    // Override anything requested in the URL    if (!request.isRequestedSessionIdFromCookie()) {      // Accept only the first session id cookie      convertMB(scookie.getValue());      request.setRequestedSessionId        (scookie.getValue().toString());      request.setRequestedSessionCookie(true);      request.setRequestedSessionURL(false);      if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {        log.debug(" Requested cookie session id is " +          request.getRequestedSessionId());      }    } else {      if (!request.isRequestedSessionIdValid()) {        // Replace the session id until one is valid        convertMB(scookie.getValue());        request.setRequestedSessionId          (scookie.getValue().toString());      }    }  }}

sessionCookieName也是jsessionid,然后遍历cookie,从里面找出name=jsessionid的值赋值给request的requestedSessionId属性;

2.findSession查询session

获取到requestedSessionId之后,会通过此id去session Manager中获取session,不同的管理器获取的方式不一样,已默认的StandardManager为例:

protected Map<String, Session> sessions = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Session>(); public Session findSession(String id) throws IOException {  if (id == null) {    return null;  }  return sessions.get(id);}

3.createSession创建session

没有获取到session,指定了create=true,则创建session,已默认的StandardManager为例:

public Session createSession(String sessionId) {     if ((maxActiveSessions >= 0) &&      (getActiveSessions() >= maxActiveSessions)) {    rejectedSessions++;    throw new TooManyActiveSessionsException(        sm.getString("managerBase.createSession.ise"),        maxActiveSessions);  }     // Recycle or create a Session instance  Session session = createEmptySession();   // Initialize the properties of the new session and return it  session.setNew(true);  session.setValid(true);  session.setCreationTime(System.currentTimeMillis());  session.setMaxInactiveInterval(((Context) getContainer()).getSessionTimeout() * 60);  String id = sessionId;  if (id == null) {    id = generateSessionId();  }  session.setId(id);  sessionCounter++;   SessionTiming timing = new SessionTiming(session.getCreationTime(), 0);  synchronized (sessionCreationTiming) {    sessionCreationTiming.add(timing);    sessionCreationTiming.poll();  }  return (session); }

如果传的sessionId为空,tomcat会生成一个唯一的sessionId,具体可以参考类StandardSessionIdGenerator的generateSessionId方法;这里发现创建完session之后并没有把session放入ConcurrentHashMap中,其实在session.setId(id)中处理了,具体代码如下:

public void setId(String id, boolean notify) {   if ((this.id != null) && (manager != null))    manager.remove(this);   this.id = id;   if (manager != null)    manager.add(this);   if (notify) {    tellNew();  }}

4.销毁Session

Tomcat会定期检测出不活跃的session,然后将其删除,一方面session占用内存,另一方面是安全性的考虑;启动tomcat的同时会启动一个后台线程用来检测过期的session,具体可以查看ContainerBase的内部类ContainerBackgroundProcessor:

protected class ContainerBackgroundProcessor implements Runnable {    @Override   public void run() {     Throwable t = null;     String unexpectedDeathMessage = sm.getString(         "containerBase.backgroundProcess.unexpectedThreadDeath",         Thread.currentThread().getName());     try {       while (!threadDone) {         try {           Thread.sleep(backgroundProcessorDelay * 1000L);         } catch (InterruptedException e) {           // Ignore         }         if (!threadDone) {           Container parent = (Container) getMappingObject();           ClassLoader cl =             Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();           if (parent.getLoader() != null) {             cl = parent.getLoader().getClassLoader();           }           processChildren(parent, cl);         }       }     } catch (RuntimeException e) {       t = e;       throw e;     } catch (Error e) {       t = e;       throw e;     } finally {       if (!threadDone) {         log.error(unexpectedDeathMessage, t);       }     }   }    protected void processChildren(Container container, ClassLoader cl) {     try {       if (container.getLoader() != null) {         Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader           (container.getLoader().getClassLoader());       }       container.backgroundProcess();     } catch (Throwable t) {       ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);       log.error("Exception invoking periodic operation: ", t);     } finally {       Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(cl);     }     Container[] children = container.findChildren();     for (int i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {       if (children[i].getBackgroundProcessorDelay() <= 0) {         processChildren(children[i], cl);       }     }   } }

backgroundProcessorDelay默认值是10,也就是每10秒检测一次,然后调用Container的backgroundProcess方法,此方法又调用Manager里面的backgroundProcess:

public void backgroundProcess() {  count = (count + 1) % processExpiresFrequency;  if (count == 0)    processExpires();} /** * Invalidate all sessions that have expired. */public void processExpires() {   long timeNow = System.currentTimeMillis();  Session sessions[] = findSessions();  int expireHere = 0 ;     if(log.isDebugEnabled())    log.debug("Start expire sessions " + getName() + " at " + timeNow + " sessioncount " + sessions.length);  for (int i = 0; i < sessions.length; i++) {    if (sessions[i]!=null && !sessions[i].isValid()) {      expireHere++;    }  }  long timeEnd = System.currentTimeMillis();  if(log.isDebugEnabled())     log.debug("End expire sessions " + getName() + " processingTime " + (timeEnd - timeNow) + " expired sessions: " + expireHere);  processingTime += ( timeEnd - timeNow ); }

processExpiresFrequency默认值是6,那其实最后就是6*10=60秒执行一次processExpires,具体如何检测过期在session的isValid方法中:

public boolean isValid() {   if (!this.isValid) {    return false;  }   if (this.expiring) {    return true;  }   if (ACTIVITY_CHECK && accessCount.get() > 0) {    return true;  }   if (maxInactiveInterval > 0) {    long timeNow = System.currentTimeMillis();    int timeIdle;    if (LAST_ACCESS_AT_START) {      timeIdle = (int) ((timeNow - lastAccessedTime) / 1000L);    } else {      timeIdle = (int) ((timeNow - thisAccessedTime) / 1000L);    }    if (timeIdle >= maxInactiveInterval) {      expire(true);    }  }   return this.isValid;}

主要是通过对比当前时间到上次活跃的时间是否超过了maxInactiveInterval,如果超过了就做expire处理;

Redis集中式管理Session分析

在上文中使用tomcat-redis-session-manager来管理session,下面来分析一下是如果通过redis来集中式管理Session的;围绕session如何获取,如何创建,何时更新到redis,以及何时被移除;

1.如何获取

RedisSessionManager重写了findSession方法

public Session findSession(String id) throws IOException {  RedisSession session = null;   if (null == id) {   currentSessionIsPersisted.set(false);   currentSession.set(null);   currentSessionSerializationMetadata.set(null);   currentSessionId.set(null);  } else if (id.equals(currentSessionId.get())) {   session = currentSession.get();  } else {   byte[] data = loadSessionDataFromRedis(id);   if (data != null) {    DeserializedSessionContainer container = sessionFromSerializedData(id, data);    session = container.session;    currentSession.set(session);    currentSessionSerializationMetadata.set(container.metadata);    currentSessionIsPersisted.set(true);    currentSessionId.set(id);   } else {    currentSessionIsPersisted.set(false);    currentSession.set(null);    currentSessionSerializationMetadata.set(null);    currentSessionId.set(null);   }  }

sessionId不为空的情况下,会先比较sessionId是否等于currentSessionId中的sessionId,如果等于则从currentSession中取出session,currentSessionId和currentSession都是ThreadLocal变量,这里并没有直接从redis里面取数据,如果同一线程没有去处理其他用户信息,是可以直接从内存中取出的,提高了性能;最后才从redis里面获取数据,从redis里面获取的是一段二进制数据,需要进行反序列化操作,相关序列化和反序列化都在JavaSerializer类中:

public void deserializeInto(byte[] data, RedisSession session, SessionSerializationMetadata metadata)    throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {  BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(data));  Throwable arg4 = null;   try {    CustomObjectInputStream x2 = new CustomObjectInputStream(bis, this.loader);    Throwable arg6 = null;     try {      SessionSerializationMetadata x21 = (SessionSerializationMetadata) x2.readObject();      metadata.copyFieldsFrom(x21);      session.readObjectData(x2);    } catch (Throwable arg29) {  ......}

二进制数据中保存了2个对象,分别是SessionSerializationMetadata和RedisSession,SessionSerializationMetadata里面保存的是Session中的attributes信息,RedisSession其实也有attributes数据,相当于这份数据保存了2份;

2.如何创建

同样RedisSessionManager重写了createSession方法,2个重要的点分别:sessionId的唯一性问题和session保存到redis中;

// Ensure generation of a unique session identifier.if (null != requestedSessionId) { sessionId = sessionIdWithJvmRoute(requestedSessionId, jvmRoute); if (jedis.setnx(sessionId.getBytes(), NULL_SESSION) == 0L) {  sessionId = null; }} else { do {  sessionId = sessionIdWithJvmRoute(generateSessionId(), jvmRoute); } while (jedis.setnx(sessionId.getBytes(), NULL_SESSION) == 0L); // 1 = key set; 0 = key already existed}

分布式环境下有可能出现生成的sessionId相同的情况,所以需要确保唯一性;保存session到redis中是最核心的一个方法,何时更新,何时过期都在此方法中处理;

3.何时更新到redis

具体看saveInternal方法

protected boolean saveInternal(Jedis jedis, Session session, boolean forceSave) throws IOException {  Boolean error = true;   try {   log.trace("Saving session " + session + " into Redis");    RedisSession redisSession = (RedisSession)session;    if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {    log.trace("Session Contents [" + redisSession.getId() + "]:");    Enumeration en = redisSession.getAttributeNames();    while(en.hasMoreElements()) {     log.trace(" " + en.nextElement());    }   }    byte[] binaryId = redisSession.getId().getBytes();    Boolean isCurrentSessionPersisted;   SessionSerializationMetadata sessionSerializationMetadata = currentSessionSerializationMetadata.get();   byte[] originalSessionAttributesHash = sessionSerializationMetadata.getSessionAttributesHash();   byte[] sessionAttributesHash = null;   if (      forceSave      || redisSession.isDirty()      || null == (isCurrentSessionPersisted = this.currentSessionIsPersisted.get())      || !isCurrentSessionPersisted      || !Arrays.equals(originalSessionAttributesHash, (sessionAttributesHash = serializer.attributesHashFrom(redisSession)))     ) {     log.trace("Save was determined to be necessary");     if (null == sessionAttributesHash) {     sessionAttributesHash = serializer.attributesHashFrom(redisSession);    }     SessionSerializationMetadata updatedSerializationMetadata = new SessionSerializationMetadata();    updatedSerializationMetadata.setSessionAttributesHash(sessionAttributesHash);     jedis.set(binaryId, serializer.serializeFrom(redisSession, updatedSerializationMetadata));     redisSession.resetDirtyTracking();    currentSessionSerializationMetadata.set(updatedSerializationMetadata);    currentSessionIsPersisted.set(true);   } else {    log.trace("Save was determined to be unnecessary");   }    log.trace("Setting expire timeout on session [" + redisSession.getId() + "] to " + getMaxInactiveInterval());   jedis.expire(binaryId, getMaxInactiveInterval());    error = false;    return error;  } catch (IOException e) {   log.error(e.getMessage());    throw e;  } finally {   return error;  } }

以上方法中大致有5中情况下需要保存数据到redis中,分别是:forceSave,redisSession.isDirty(),null == (isCurrentSessionPersisted = this.currentSessionIsPersisted.get()),!isCurrentSessionPersisted以及!Arrays.equals(originalSessionAttributesHash, (sessionAttributesHash = serializer.attributesHashFrom(redisSession)))其中一个为true的情况下保存数据到reids中;

3.1重点看一下forceSave,可以理解forceSave就是内置保存策略的一个标识,提供了三种内置保存策略:DEFAULT,SAVE_ON_CHANGE,ALWAYS_SAVE_AFTER_REQUEST

  • DEFAULT:默认保存策略,依赖其他四种情况保存session,
  • SAVE_ON_CHANGE:每次session.setAttribute()、session.removeAttribute()触发都会保存,
  • ALWAYS_SAVE_AFTER_REQUEST:每一个request请求后都强制保存,无论是否检测到变化;

3.2redisSession.isDirty()检测session内部是否有脏数据

public Boolean isDirty() {  return Boolean.valueOf(this.dirty.booleanValue() || !this.changedAttributes.isEmpty());}

每一个request请求后检测是否有脏数据,有脏数据才保存,实时性没有SAVE_ON_CHANGE高,但是也没有ALWAYS_SAVE_AFTER_REQUEST来的粗暴;

3.3后面三种情况都是用来检测三个ThreadLocal变量;

4.何时被移除

上一节中介绍了Tomcat内置看定期检测session是否过期,ManagerBase中提供了processExpires方法来处理session过去的问题,但是在RedisSessionManager重写了此方法

public void processExpires() {}

直接不做处理了,具体是利用了redis的设置生存时间功能,具体在saveInternal方法中:

jedis.expire(binaryId, getMaxInactiveInterval());

总结

本文大致分析了Tomcat Session管理器,以及tomcat-redis-session-manager是如何进行session集中式管理的,但是此工具完全依赖tomcat容器,如果想完全独立于应用服务器的方案,

Spring session是一个不错的选择。

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持网页设计。