PHP之预定义接口详解
author:一佰互联 2019-04-27   click:144

在PHP中有好几个预定义的接口,比较常用的四个接口(IteratorAggregate(聚合式aggregate迭代器Iterator)CountableArrayAccessIterator)分别给大家详细介绍下。

IteratorAggregate(聚合式aggregate迭代器Iterator)接口

复制代码 代码如下:IteratorAggregate extends Traversable { abstract public Traversable getIterator(void)}

这个接口实现了一个功能——创建外部迭代器,具体怎么理解呢,当我们使用foreach对对象进行便遍历的时候,如果没有继承IteratorAggregate接口,遍历的是对象中所有的public属性(只能是public $var这种形式)。要是继承了IteratorAggregate,会使用类中实现的getIterator方法返回的对象,这里要注意返回的一定要是一个Traversable对象或者扩展自Traversable的对象,否则会抛出异常

 

//看个例子class My{ private $_data = [ "a" => "燕睿涛", "b" => "yanruitao", "c" => "LULU", ];  public function getIterator() { return new ArrayIterator($this->_data); }}$obj = new My;foreach ($obj as $key => $value) { echo "$key => $value";}//输出结果为空 class My implements IteratorAggregate { private $_data = [ "a" => "燕睿涛", "b" => "yanruitao", "c" => "LULU", ]; public function getIterator() { return new ArrayIterator($this->_data); }}$obj = new My;foreach ($obj as $key => $value) { echo "$key => $value";}//结果:a => 燕睿涛b => yanruitaoc => LULU

Countable接口复制代码 代码如下:Countable { abstract public int count(void)}

这个接口用于统计对象的数量,具体怎么理解呢,当我们对一个对象调用count的时候,如果函数没有继承Countable将一直返回1,如果继承了Countable会返回所实现的count方法所返回的数字,看看下面的例子:

class CountMe{  protected $_myCount = 3;  public function count()  {  return $this->_myCount;  } } $countable = new CountMe(); echo count($countable);//返回1class CountMe implements Countable{  protected $_myCount = 3;  public function count()  {  return $this->_myCount;  } } $countable = new CountMe(); echo count($countable); //返回3ArrayAccess接口ArrayAccess { abstract public boolean offsetExists(mixed $offset) abstract public mixed offsetGet(mixed $offset) public void offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value) public void offsetUnset(mixed $offset)}class CountMe{  protected $_myCount = 3;  public function count()  {   return $this->_myCount;  } } $countable = new CountMe(); echo count($countable);//返回1class CountMe implements Countable{  protected $_myCount = 3;  public function count()  {   return $this->_myCount;  } } $countable = new CountMe(); echo count($countable); //返回3

ArrayAccess接口复制代码 代码如下:ArrayAccess { abstract public boolean offsetExists(mixed $offset)    abstract public mixed offsetGet(mixed $offset)    public void offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value)    public void offsetUnset(mixed $offset)}

这个接口的作用是让我们可以像访问数组一样访问对象,这个怎么说好呢,我猜其实就是php在词法分析的时候如果碰到了数组的方式使用对象,就回去对象中查找是否有实现ArrayAccess如果有的话,进行对应的操作(set、unset、isset、get),这样我们就可以在类里面放置一个array,让类实现数组方式的基本操作,下面看个例子:

class myObj{ }$obj = new myObj;$obj["name"];//Fatal error: Cannot use object of type myObj as array in class myObj implements ArrayAccess { public function offsetSet($offset, $value) {  echo "offsetSet : {$offset} => {$value}"; } public function offsetExists($offset) {  echo "offsetExists : {$offset}"; } public function offsetUnset($offset) {  echo "offsetUnset : {$offset}"; } public function offsetGet($offset) {  echo "offsetGet : {$offset}"; }}$obj = new myObj;$obj[1] = "燕睿涛";isset($obj["name"]);unset($obj["name"]);$obj["yrt"];//输出结果:offsetSet : 1 => 燕睿涛offsetExists : nameoffsetUnset : nameoffsetGet : yrtclass myObj implements ArrayAccess { private $_data = []; public function offsetSet($offset, $value) {  $this->_data[$offset] = $value; } public function offsetExists($offset) {  return isset($this->_data[$offset]); } public function offsetUnset($offset) {  unset($this->_data[$offset]); } public function offsetGet($offset) {  return $this->_data[$offset]; }}$obj = new myObj;$obj["yrt"] = "燕睿涛";var_dump($obj["yrt"]);var_dump(isset($obj["yrt"]));unset($obj["yrt"]);var_dump(isset($obj["yrt"]));var_dump($obj["yrt"]);//输出:string(9) "燕睿涛"bool(true)bool(false)Notice: Undefined index: yrt //最后一个会报出Notice

上面的对象只能是基本的数组操作,连遍历都不行,结合之前的IteratorAggregate可以进行foreach:

class myObj implements ArrayAccess, IteratorAggregate{private $_data = []; public function getIterator() {  return new ArrayIterator($this->_data); } ......}$obj = new myObj;$obj["yrt"] = "燕睿涛";$obj[1] = "燕睿涛";$obj["name"] = "燕睿涛";$obj["age"] = 23;foreach ($obj as $key => $value) { echo "{$key} => {$value}";}//输出:yrt => 燕睿涛1 => 燕睿涛name => 燕睿涛age => 23

Iterator接口:

复制代码 代码如下:Iterator extends Traversable {    abstract public mixed current(void)    abstract public scalar key(void)    abstract public void next(void)    abstract public void rewind(void)    abstract public boolean valid(void)}

可在内部迭代自己的外部迭代器或类的接口,这是官方文档给出的解释,看着还是不好理解,其实我感觉这个接口实现的功能和trratorAggregate(文档:创建外部迭代器接口,接口直接返回一个迭代器)类似,不过这个在类的定义里面自己实现了,看个例子:

class myObj implements Iterator{ private $_data = []; public function __construct(Array $arr) { $this->_data = $arr; } public function current() { return current($this->_data); } public function key() { return key($this->_data); } public function next() { next($this->_data); } public function rewind() { reset($this->_data); } public function valid() { return $this->key() !== NULL; }}$t = [ "yrt" => "燕睿涛", "name" => "燕睿涛", false, "燕睿涛"];$obj = new myObj($t);foreach ($obj as $key => $value) { echo "{$key} => ".var_export($value, true)."";}//输出:yrt => "燕睿涛"name => "燕睿涛"0 => false1 => "燕睿涛"

上面这个参考了鸟哥的一篇文章关于一笔试题(Iterator模式),不过鸟哥的那个判断valid有点瑕疵,当碰到值北来就是false的时候就会截断

总结说了这么多好像还是没有体会到他们的用处,建议看看Yii2的源码,源码里面大量使用了这些东西,看了之后,你会慢慢觉得“哦~好像还真是挺有用的。。。。”

以上就是本文全部介绍,希望大家喜欢。