PHP中预定义的6种接口介绍
author:一佰互联 2019-04-28   click:140

PHP预定义了6个接口介绍如下:

1.Traversable遍历接口

呵呵!其实它不是一个在PHP中可以使用的接口,内部类才可使用,它有一个用途就是检测一个类是否可以遍历。

if($class instanceof Traversable) {  //foreach}

2.Iterator迭代器接口

接口摘要:

Iterator extends Traversable {   //返回当前索引游标指向的元素   abstract public mixed current(void)   //返回当前索引游标指向的元素的键名   abstract public scalar key(void)   //移动当前索引游标指向下一元素   abstract public void next(void)   //重置索引游标的指向第一个元素   abstract public void rewind(void)   //判断当前索引游标指向的是否是一个元素,常常在调用 rewind()或 next()使用   abstract public boolean valid(void) } 

以上可以让一个类实现一个基本的迭代功能,如下可以看到迭代的调用顺序:

class myIterator implements Iterator {  private $position = 0 ;  private $array = array(    "firstelement" ,    "secondelement" ,    "lastelement" ,  );   public function __construct () {    $this -> position = 0 ;  }   function rewind () {    var_dump ( __METHOD__ );    $this -> position = 0 ;  }   function current () {    var_dump ( __METHOD__ );    return $this -> array [ $this -> position ];  }   function key () {    var_dump ( __METHOD__ );    return $this -> position ;  }   function next () {    var_dump ( __METHOD__ );    ++ $this -> position ;  }   function valid () {    var_dump ( __METHOD__ );    return isset( $this -> array [ $this -> position ]);  }} $it = new myIterator ; foreach( $it as $key => $value ) {  var_dump ( $key , $value );  echo "" ;}

3.IteratorAggregate聚合式迭代器接口

接口摘要:

IteratorAggregate extends Traversable { //获取外部迭代器abstract public Traversable getIterator ( void )} 

getIterator是一个Iterator或Traversable接口的类的一个实例。如下获取外部迭代器实现迭代访问。

class myData implements IteratorAggregate {  public $property1 = "Public property one" ;  public $property2 = "Public property two" ;  public $property3 = "Public property three" ;   public function __construct () {    $this -> property4 = "last property" ;  }     public function getIterator () {    return new ArrayIterator ( $this );  }} $obj = new myData ; foreach( $obj as $key => $value ) {  var_dump ( $key , $value );  echo "" ;}

4.ArrayAccess数组式访问接口

接口摘要:

ArrayAccess {  /* 方法 */  abstract public boolean offsetExists ( mixed $offset ) //检查偏移位置是否存在  abstract public mixed offsetGet ( mixed $offset ) //获取一个偏移位置的值  abstract public void offsetSet ( mixed $offset , mixed $value ) //设置一个偏移位置的值  abstract public void offsetUnset ( mixed $offset ) //复位一个偏移位置的值}

如下可像访问数组一样访问对象:

class obj implements arrayaccess {  private $container = array();  public function __construct () {    $this -> container = array(      "one"  => 1 ,      "two"  => 2 ,      "three" => 3 ,    );  }  public function offsetSet ( $offset , $value ) {    if ( is_null ( $offset )) {      $this -> container [] = $value ;    } else {      $this -> container [ $offset ] = $value ;    }  }  public function offsetExists ( $offset ) {    return isset( $this -> container [ $offset ]);  }  public function offsetUnset ( $offset ) {    unset( $this -> container [ $offset ]);  }  public function offsetGet ( $offset ) {    return isset( $this -> container [ $offset ]) ? $this -> container [ $offset ] : null ;  }} $obj = new obj ; var_dump (isset( $obj [ "two" ]));var_dump ( $obj [ "two" ]);unset( $obj [ "two" ]);var_dump (isset( $obj [ "two" ]));$obj [ "two" ] = "A value" ;var_dump ( $obj [ "two" ]);$obj [] = "Append 1" ;$obj [] = "Append 2" ;$obj [] = "Append 3" ;print_r ( $obj );

5.Serializable序列化接口

接口摘要:

Serializable {   /* 方法 */  abstract public string serialize ( void ) //对象的字符串表示  abstract public mixed unserialize ( string $serialized ) // 构造对象}

实现该接口的类不再支持__sleep()和__wakeup()。使用很简单,只要序列化对象时serialize方法会被调用,当反序列化时,unserialize方法被调用。

class obj implements Serializable {  private $data ;  public function __construct () {    $this -> data = "My private data" ;  }  public function serialize () {    return serialize ( $this -> data );  }  public function unserialize ( $data ) {    $this -> data = unserialize ( $data );  }  public function getData () {    return $this -> data ;  }} $obj = new obj ;$ser = serialize ( $obj );print_r($ser);$newobj = unserialize ( $ser );print_r($newobj);

6.Closure接口摘要:

Closure {  /* 方法 */  __construct ( void ) //用于禁止实例化的构造函数  public static Closure bind ( Closure $closure , object $newthis [, mixed $newscope = "static" ] ) //复制一个闭包,绑定指定的$this对象和类作用域。  public Closure bindTo ( object $newthis [, mixed $newscope = "static" ] ) //复制当前闭包对象,绑定指定的$this对象和类作用域。}
class A {  private static $sfoo = 1 ;  private $ifoo = 2 ;} $cl1 = static function() {  return A :: $sfoo ;}; $cl2 = function() {  return $this -> ifoo ;};  $bcl1 = Closure :: bind ( $cl1 , null , "A" ); $bcl2 = Closure :: bind ( $cl2 , new A (), "A" );echo $bcl1 (), "" ;echo $bcl2 (), "" ;