php中如何使对象可以像数组一样进行foreach循环
author:一佰互联 2019-04-29   click:248

刚接触到题的时候,我也没有考虑到Iterator模式,试了几个一般想法,失败以后。。。。就直接去翻看了foreach的源码实现,期望发现foreach处理对象的时候是否有什么特殊性,可以做为突破口。

跟踪了半天以后发现了核心逻辑中的一个奇怪的switch:
复制代码 代码如下:
switch (zend_iterator_unwrap(array, &iter TSRMLS_CC)) {
        default:
        case ZEND_ITER_INVALID:
               .....
               break
        case ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_OBJECT: {
                ......
            break;
     case ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_ARRAY:
            .....
            break;
        case ZEND_ITER_OBJECT:
            ......
            break;
}

从这个结构,我们可以看到,对象分为ZEND_ITER_OBJECT和ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_OBJECT, 这是什么意思呢?
复制代码 代码如下:
ZEND_API enum zend_object_iterator_kind zend_iterator_unwrap(
    zval *array_ptr, zend_object_iterator **iter TSRMLS_DC)
{
    switch (Z_TYPE_P(array_ptr)) {
        case IS_OBJECT:
            if (Z_OBJ_HT_P(array_ptr) == &iterator_object_handlers) {
                *iter = (zend_object_iterator *)zend_object_store_get_object(array_ptr TSRMLS_CC);
                return ZEND_ITER_OBJECT;
            }
            if (HASH_OF(array_ptr)) {
                return ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_OBJECT;
            }
            return ZEND_ITER_INVALID;
        case IS_ARRAY:
            if (HASH_OF(array_ptr)) {
                return ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_ARRAY;
            }
            return ZEND_ITER_INVALID;
        default:
            return ZEND_ITER_INVALID;
    }
}

这就要讲到PHP的内置接口Iterator了,PHP5开始支持了接口, 并且内置了Iterator接口, 所以如果你定义了一个类,并实现了Iterator接口,那么你的这个类对象就是ZEND_ITER_OBJECT,否则就是ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_OBJECT.

对于ZEND_ITER_PLAIN_OBJECT的类,foreach会通过HASH_OF获取该对象的默认属性数组,然后对该数组进行foreach.

而对于ZEND_ITER_OBJECT的类对象,则会通过调用对象实现的Iterator接口相关函数来进行foreach,iterator接口:
复制代码 代码如下:
Iterator extends Traversable {
/* 方法 */
abstract public mixed current ( void )
abstract public scalar key ( void )
abstract public void next ( void )
abstract public void rewind ( void )
abstract public boolean valid ( void )
}

所以, 对于这道笔试题, 可以作出如下的答案:
复制代码 代码如下:
class sample implements Iterator
{
    private $_items = array(1,2,3,4,5,6,7);
    public function __construct() {
                  ;//void
    }
    public function rewind() { reset($this->_items); }
    public function current() { return current($this->_items); }
    public function key() { return key($this->_items); }
    public function next() { return next($this->_items); }
    public function valid() { return ( $this->current() !== false ); }
}
$sa = new sample();
foreach($sa as $key => $val){
    print $key . "=>" .$val;
}

以上代码在我的php 5.3下运行正常。